Pointe shoes were invented in the 1820s in London, England. Nobody is really sure who invented them, but Maria Tagolini was the first dancer to wear them in a ballet performance. Before pointe shoes were invented, people danced in flat shoes, or as called in the dance world, "soft shoes."
 

Me in my pointe shoes.

The Invention of Pointe Shoes | What are Pointe Shoes? | Links and Sources